Vulcanizing agent
The chemical that can make the rubber molecular chain cross-linking reaction is called vulcanizing agent. Vulcanization is an important part of rubber processing to improve the quality of rubber products. Sulfur is the most widely used vulcanizing agent. Some sulfur-containing organic compounds, peroxides, metal oxides, etc. can also be used as vulcanizing agents. These non-sulfur compounds are also called vulcanizing agents.
Vulcanization accelerator
Vulcanization accelerators can be decomposed into active molecules when heated, prompting sulfur and rubber molecules at lower temperatures to cross-link very quickly, enhance the rubber vulcanization, shorten the vulcanization time, reduce the amount of sulfur, and help to improve the physical and mechanical properties of rubber. Vulcanization accelerator inorganic calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, etc., organic accelerator D (diphenylguanidine), accelerator DM (disulfide dibenzothiazole), accelerator TMTD (tetramethyltetramethyltetramethyldisulfide), etc.. Organic accelerators are more commonly used. A mixture of several accelerators is more effective than using them individually.
Promotional aids
Promotional aids are also called active agents. It can enhance the activation of the vulcanization accelerator to improve the vulcanization of rubber. Commonly used accelerators are zinc oxide and stearic acid.
Antioxidant
Rubber molecules and oxygen, ozone oxidation reaction, the structure of rubber is destroyed, so that the mechanical properties of the product is reduced, the service life is shortened, this phenomenon is called the aging of rubber. Light and heat can promote oxidation, thus accelerating aging. Adding rubber can resist and slow down the aging of rubber products, called antioxidant. Antioxidant is divided into physical antioxidant and chemical antioxidant two categories. Chemical antioxidants according to the molecular structure of amines, ketone amines, aldehydes and amines, phenols and other categories. It has antioxidant A (N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine), antioxidant D
Reinforcing Fillers
Reinforcing fillers are used to improve the strength of vulcanized rubber, enhance the abrasion resistance, tear resistance and elasticity of rubber. Reinforcing fillers are mainly carbon black. There are 52 kinds of carbon black used in the rubber industry, which is an important raw material in the rubber industry.
Softener
The main role of the softener is to make all kinds of cooperating agents can be evenly dispersed in the rubber, in order to reduce the energy consumption and shorten the processing time of the rubber material in the processing. Some softeners can also give the vulcanized rubber with special functions, such as dibutyl phthalate can improve the cold resistance of rubber. Commonly used softeners are mechanical oil, petroleum jelly, paraffin, asphalt, coal tar, stearic acid and rosin.
Colorants
Colorants are substances that color rubber products. Inorganic colorants are inorganic pigments, white titanium dioxide is the best, red iron oxide, iron red, antimony red, yellow chrome yellow, blue ultramarine, green chromium oxide, black oil black. Organic colorants are organic pigments and certain dyes, most of such colorants are barium or calcium salts of organic compounds.
Foaming agent
Foaming agent is necessary for the manufacture of sponge rubber or microporous rubber. The foaming agent is thermally decomposed in the vulcanization of the rubber, releasing gases that create micropores inside the rubber.