Vulcanising agents
A chemical that cross-links rubber molecular chains is called a vulcanising agent. In the early days, sulphur was added to raw rubber to cross-link the linear rubber molecules with each other under the action of heat to form a body-type mesh structure, thus increasing the strength of the rubber, improving its elasticity and resistance to melts. Sulphur is the most widely used vulcanising agent. Some sulfur-containing organic substances, peroxides, metal oxides, etc. can also be used as vulcanising agents.

Vulcanisation accelerators
Vulcanisation accelerators can be decomposed into active molecules when heated, prompting the sulfur and rubber molecules at lower temperatures to cross-link very quickly, enhance the rubber vulcanisation, shorten the vulcanisation time, reduce the amount of sulfur, and help to improve the physical and mechanical properties of rubber. Vulcanisation accelerator inorganic calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, etc., organic accelerator D (diphenylguanidine), accelerator DM (disulfide dibenzothiazole), accelerator TMTD (tetramethyltetramethyltetramethyldisulfide) and so on.

Promotional aids
The accelerator is also called active agent. It can enhance the activation of the vulcanisation accelerator and improve the vulcanisation of rubber. Commonly used accelerators include zinc oxide and stearic acid.

Antioxidant
Rubber molecules and oxygen, ozone oxidation reaction, the structure of the rubber is destroyed, so that the mechanical properties of the products to reduce, shorten the service life, this phenomenon is called rubber aging. Light and heat can promote oxidation, thus accelerating aging. In the rubber to add can resist, slow down the aging of rubber products, called antioxidant. Antioxidant is divided into physical antioxidant and chemical antioxidant two categories. Physical antioxidants include paraffin, wax, beeswax and stearic acid. Chemical antioxidants react more readily with oxygen than rubber. It has antioxidant A (N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine), antioxidant D (N-phenyl-β

Reinforcing Fillers
Reinforcing fillers are used to improve the strength of vulcanised rubber, and enhance the abrasion, tear and elasticity of rubber. Reinforcing fillers are mainly carbon black. There are 52 kinds of carbon black used in the rubber industry, and it is an important raw material in the rubber industry.

Softener
The main role of the softener is to make all kinds of matching agent can be evenly dispersed in the rubber, in order to reduce the rubber in the processing of energy consumption and shorten the processing time. Some softeners can also give special functions to the vulcanised rubber. Commonly used softeners are mechanical oil, petroleum jelly, paraffin, asphalt, coal tar, stearic acid and rosin.

Colouring agent
Colourants are substances that give colour to rubber products. Inorganic colourants are inorganic pigments, white titanium dioxide is the best, red iron oxide, iron red, antimony red, etc., yellow chrome yellow, blue ultramarine, green chromium oxide, black oil black.

Foaming agent
Foaming agent is necessary for the manufacture of sponge rubber or microporous rubber. The foaming agent is thermally decomposed in the vulcanisation of the rubber, releasing gases and creating micropores inside the rubber. The blowing agent used in the manufacture of sponge rubber is mainly sodium bicarbonate. The foaming agents used in the manufacture of microporous rubber are Foaming Agent D, Foaming Agent P or Foaming Agent T.