Where R ′ is H and R is an organic group; or R ′ and R are both organic groups; R ′ and R may also form a ring Promoter M or its sodium salt, or promoter DM, and cyclohexylamine (the product is the accelerator CZ), dicyclohexylamine (the product is the accelerator DZ), diisopropylamine (the product is the accelerator DIBS), Morpholine (the product is the accelerator NOBS), tert-butylamine (the product is NS), etc. are prepared through different processes. Their vulcanization starts slowly, but the vulcanization speed is fast. They are called slow-acting fast accelerators, which are mainly used in the production of large rubber products such as tires. In the conventional formula, the dosage is only two-thirds of the accelerators M and DM (the usual amount of accelerators M and DM is 1-2 parts). In the so-called "semi-effective vulcanization" system (that is, the combination of low sulfur / high accelerator), the amount is 3 to 5 parts (combined with 0.2 to 0.4 parts of sulfur), which can obtain good processing safety and improve the vulcanizate Comprehensive performance.
The thiurams are fast accelerators, mainly used as auxiliary accelerators of thiazoles or sulfenamides. Dithiocarbamates are super fast accelerators, suitable for rapid curing at room temperature, and also as auxiliary accelerators.
In addition, there are substances that can increase the activity of organic accelerators, called vulcanization activators, that is, promoters. The most widely used is zinc oxide, which is used in an amount of 3 to 5 parts. Substances that prevent or delay the early curing ("scorching") of rubber during processing and parking before vulcanization are called vulcanization retarders, which are anti-scorching agents. Good anti-scorching agents include N-nitrosoaniline (NDPA), N-cyclohexylsulfide phthalimide (PVJ or CTP), etc. The former amount is 0.3 to 1 part, the latter 0.1 ~ 0.5 servings. Research on anti-scorch agents is still active.
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