1 Vulcanization system
Vulcanization system auxiliaries include vulcanizing agents, accelerators, activators and anti-vulcanization reversion auxiliaries.

The vulcanizing agent is a substance that can cross-link with the rubber, so it is also called a cross-linking agent.

Promoter is the substance that can shorten the vulcanization time and reduce the vulcanization temperature after adding the rubber.

The ideal accelerator should have the following functions: ① long coking time (high processing safety before vulcanization); ② short vulcanization time (fast vulcanization start, high productivity); ③ flat vulcanization curve (long flat vulcanization time, no vulcanization reversion); ④ non-toxic, non-polluting properties.

Activator refers to the substance that can increase the activity of accelerator, reduce the dosage of accelerator and shorten the vulcanization time after adding to the rubber, also known as promotion aid.

Vulcanization reversion refers to the phenomenon that the sulfur cross-linked bond is degraded by heat, resulting in the decline of physical properties of vulcanized rubber (reversion) and the use of poor performance.

2 Protection system
In order to obtain durable rubber products, we should add some substances in the rubber formula that can inhibit the aging of rubber, which are collectively called "antioxidants".

Anti-degradation agents: ① non-polluting, non-discolored antioxidants (various antioxidants); ② pollution and discoloration of antioxidants; ③ anti-ozone agent; ④ anti-metal toxicity.

3 Bonding system
Can enhance the adhesive properties between rubber and various skeletal materials, called adhesives or adhesion enhancers.

3.1 Adhesives usually include glue, glue paste, mastic, adhesive tape and many other types.

Adhesive is generally a mixture of base material, curing agent, diluent, plasticizer, filler, coupling agent and other components.

3.2 in the tire, conveyor belt, hose and other rubber products processing, to add one or more reactive chemical substances, the substance in the vulcanization temperature can occur in the rubber and fiber fabric or steel wire skeleton material chemical bonding, such chemicals are bonding agent (bonding agent), customarily known as adhesives.

3.3 The chemical substances that do not directly produce physical adsorption or chemical bonding between the materials themselves, but can promote the bonding effect are called bonding agents or bonding enhancers (adhesion promoted agent).

3.4 The caustic alkali emulsion of resorcinol, formaldehyde and latex is attached to the adhesive film on the surface of fiber fabric by impregnation process, which can produce the chemical bonding of rubber and fabric at the vulcanization temperature.

3.5 can increase the viscosity of unvulcanized rubber chemicals called viscosity enhancers.

4 plasticizer
Where the rubber molecules can be separated, thereby reducing its glass transition temperature and unvulcanized rubber melt viscosity and hardness of vulcanized rubber substances called plasticizers. In the past, it was also called "softening agent".

5 Other rubber additives
5.1 foaming agent is used in rubber, plastics and other polymer materials to make sponge-like products of chemicals.

5.2 so that plastics, rubber and fiber products to obtain color and add substances, collectively referred to as coloring agents.

5.3 In the rubber industry, tack (tack) is defined as the ability of two unvulcanized films to resist separation after a short period of contact at low pressure, or the work done to peel apart a film pressed together under such conditions. By definition, the two test films should be homogeneous, so they are also called autohesion, and in tire production they are also called building tack.

5.4 Solvents for the rubber industry are mainly used in dissolving rubber, preparing slurry or coating the surface of rubber during the molding operation to increase viscosity and facilitate molding, and also for modulating paints and ointments.

5.5 Rubber products (e.g. sealing strips, hoses, etc.) are continuously vulcanized under high temperature and pressure conditions, and due to the presence of moisture in the compound, the finished products often produce bubbles. In order to make such rubber products not produce bubbles when vulcanizing, in addition to the compound used in the mixing before thorough drying, you also need to add antifoam agent (desiccant) in the rubber material.

5.6 emulsifier is able to make two or more mutually insoluble (or partially mutually soluble) liquid, the formation of a stable dispersion system - emulsion substances.

5.7 According to the needs of some latex process and products, in order to control and stabilize the viscosity of the system, to use thickeners. General thickener is also a stabilizer, and has a certain role in the creaming.

5.8 Coupling agent is a kind of inorganic and organic materials to enhance the bonding properties between the additives, can be understood as a combination of the two materials.

5.9 The main function of the homogenizer is to solve the different solubility parameters, different viscosity and different polarity polymer blending, and make it blend uniformly. Therefore, in the chemical composition of the homogenizer is mostly a mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbon resins, cycloalkane resins and aromatic hydrocarbon resins and other low molecular resins of different polarities.

5.10 Dispersant is adsorbed at the liquid-solid interface, thus significantly reducing the interfacial free energy of the liquid-solid interface, resulting in the dispersed solid powder can be uniformly dispersed in the liquid, and no longer re-aggregate the substance. The function of the dispersant is to solve the dispersion of the powder in the adhesive, i.e. the dispersion between the powder and the powder and the elastomer.

5.11 Definition of isolating agent: a substance that can reduce the adhesive force between two interfaces in contact with each other. Isolating agents are usually those substances used to reduce the viscosity of unvulcanized rubber (such as mixer wobble flakes or molded grudge material).

5.12 Lubricant: The substance that effectively improves the fluidity of rubber. Divided into two kinds of internal lubrication and external lubrication. Mainly as an internal lubricant processing aids more to adjust the viscosity of the rubber, improve the role of filler dispersion, while less affect the sliding properties.

5.13 Preformulation: In the mixing process, some of the components of the rubber formula will be more difficult to mix and disperse, such as high melting point and the sintering effect of the components may bring difficulties. While some other components in the formulation need only a small amount to be sufficient due to their high activity.